When citing a reference in the text, observe the following rules.
In order to refer to the author, give the surname of the author of the publication or the editor of a compilation of works. If the author is unknown and the work is anonymous, use “Anon” instead of a surname.
For specific works used for distinct purposes, where authorship is considered less important than application, for instance dictionaries or encyclopaedias, the title is given rather than the name of the author. This is true also about collective works, where none of the authors plays the dominant role – as in films, etc.
In order to indicate the date of the publication, give the year. If precise year of the publication is unknown, in brackets indicate an approximate date preceded by “ca.”
Thus, your reference in the text might look like this:
• (example – here the name of the author is a natural part of the sentence, therefore only the year is given in parentheses): "Frye (1983) elaborates Giammbattista Vico’s chronology of cultural development of society."
• (example – in this sentence the author’s name is not a natural part of the sentence, therefore it is included in parentheses alongside the year): "We may refer to the later elaboration of Giammbattista Vico’s chronology of cultural development of society (Frye 1983) to see how it may be adapted to interpretation of historical changes in expressive qualities of language."
If in your work you refer to several books of the same writer published in the same year, these are distinguished by lower case letters (a, b, c…) after the year.
• (example) "Mailer (1974b) states his position with clarity and precision…"
If the work has two authors, both names should be given.
• (example) "A recent research (Anderson and Cuhn 2004) has proved mutual dependence of the factors."
If the publication is a work of three or more authors, give only the surname of the first author, followed by et al.
• (example) "A new authoritative study (Matthew et al. 2006) indicates to growing interest in land acquisitions in the Mediterranean."
If you refer to a newspaper article, the author of which is not indicated, give the name of the newspaper.
• (example) "Generally, the popularity of bank loans in recent years has grown significantly (The Capital 2006)."
You may refer to a publication quoted in another work. In that case both sources should be cited.
• (example) "As early as 1957 Tykwer (1957 cited Mueller 1999) stated the principle of this method of substance extraction."
If you quote just one of a number of authors in a collection of works (a contributor), mention just this author.
• (example) "The importance of thorough preliminary analysis has been proved by recent crises in the industry (Brown 2006)."
You may refer to an opinion of a person, quoted in someone else’s publication. In this case mention both the originator of the idea and the author of the publication.
• (example) "In a recently published interview Matthew Simons stated that it was time everyone in the industry strove for professional esteem (Jones 2004)."
When quoting in the text, follow these general guidelines:
If the quote is shorter than a line, you may include it in the body of the text in quotation marks. Longer quotations should be singled out by indentation, single-space and, often, smaller font. Quotation marks are not needed.
As you quote a particular part of the published source – a book, magazine, etc. –, indicate the page number or numbers after the year in parentheses.
If you use illustrations or diagrams from another source, refer them in the same way as a textual quotation.
Quotation of electronic sources does not differ materially from quoting written publications, save for often absent pagination in electronic texts. If a precise place in an electronic source should be given, use the measure of lines or screens.